2010年考研英语仿照题及详解(翻译有些汇编)

2 minutes, 54 seconds Read


九、甘地的平缓主义

gandhi’s pacifism can be separated to some extent from his other teachings. (46)its motive was religious, but he claimed also for it that it was a definite technique, a method, capable of producing desired political results. gandhi’s attitude was not that of most western pacifists. satyagraha, (47)the method gandhi proposed and practiced, first evolved in south africa, was a sort of nonviolent warfare, a way of defeating the enemy without hurting him and without feeling or arousing hatred. it entailed such things as civil disobedience, strikes, lying down in front of railway trains, enduring police charges without running away and without hitting back, and the like. gandhi objected to “passive resistance” as a translation of satyagraha: in gujuruti, it seems the word means “firmness in the truth.” (48)in his early days gandhi served as a stretcher-bearer on the british side in the boer war, and he was prepared to do the same again in the war of 1914-1918. even after he had completely renounced violence he was honest enough to see that in war it is usually necessary to take sides. since his whole political life centred round a struggle for national independence, he could not and, (49)indeed, he did not take the fruitless and dishonest line of pretending that in every war both sides are exactly the same and it makes no difference who wins. nor did he, like most western pacifists, specialize in avoiding awkward questions. in relation to the war, one question that every pacifist had a clear obligation to answer is:

“what about the jews? are you prepared to see them exterminated?”(50)i must say that i have never heard, from any western pacifist, an honest answer to this question, though i have heard plenty of evasions, usually of the “you’re another” type. but it so happens that gandhi was asked a somewhat similar question in 1938 and his answer was on record in mr. louis fisher’s gandhi and stalin. according to mr. fisher, gandhi’s view was that the german jews ought to commit collective suicide, which “would have aroused the world and the people of germany to hitler’s violence.”

答案

46.其动机是宗教性质的,但他也说这是一种显着的技巧,一种办法,它可以发生预期的政治作用。

47.这个由甘地提出并付诸实习的办法,最早来历于南非,是一种非暴力的斗争方法,用既不损伤对方又不会引发敌视的办法打败敌人。

48.早年间,在布尔战争时刻甘地早年为英方抬过担架,而且在1914-1918年战争时刻他又预备这么做。

49.而且也的确没有采纳毫无意义的、不诚笃的情绪,假?翟谝磺姓秸胁握搅奖咄耆嗤蚨袢〕晒Χ嘉匏健?br>

50.我有必要说,我从未从任何一个西方平缓主义者那里听到过对该疑问的诚笃的答复,可是却听大了许多的躲闪之词,一般都是“你是另外一回事”之类的答复。

全体分析

这篇文章是一篇介绍甘地的平缓主义的文章。文章先介绍了甘地的平缓主义的性质、来历、具体方法等。接着指出了甘地作为平缓主义者的一起之处:首要,他尽管对立暴力,但并不否定战争的情绪;其次,他不躲避答复扎手的疑问。

这篇文章查询的常识点:后置定语、刺进语、it做方法主语的主语从句,等。

试题精解

46.[精解] 本题查核常识点:后置定语的翻译。

该句是由but联接的两个并排分句:前一分句是简略句,后一分句是主从复合句。后一分句的骨干是he claimed that…,其间that引导宾语从句。从句中描述词短语capable of…做后置定语,润饰名词a technique, a method。该定语可以依照汉语习气译为前置定语,即,“一种可以发生预期的政治作用的显着的技巧和办法”;也可以选用拆译法,译为一个语句,增译代词“它”做主语。

词汇:claim意为“声称,声称,说”;definite意为“必定的,断定的;理解的,显着的”,它和technique分配时取“显着的”意义;desired意为“盼望的,期望的”,当它和results/effect等词分配常常常译为“预期的”。

47.[精解] 本题查核常识点:后置定语的翻译和词义的选择。

该句的骨干规划是:the method… was a sort of warfare。主语the method后有两个后置定语:一个是省掉联络代词的定语从句gandhi proposed and practiced;另一个是曩昔分词短语first evolved in…。假定把它们都译为汉语的前置定语会很冗长,不契合汉语表达习气。因而可把第一个定语前置,第二个定语转译为谓语。而真实的谓语前可加上“这”或“它”指代真实的主语。表语a sort of warfare后是一个较长的同位语a way of defeating…。其间介词短语of…做后置定语润饰名词a way,翻译时应前置。

词汇:practice意为“操练,练习;常常做;从事”等,在本句中与propose(提出)对应译为“付诸实习”。evolve意为“逐步构成;进化”,但它在本句中不能将根柢意义照搬,而应意译为“来历于(南非)”。warfare意为“作战,战争;斗争,冲突”等,根据上下文,该词应增译为“斗争的方法(办法)”。

48.[精解] 本题查核常识点:定语和状语的翻译

该句是and联接的并排句,其骨干规划是:gandhi served as a… and he was prepared…。前一分句中“in his early days”和“in the boer war”都作时刻状语,润饰谓语served,翻译时应放在句首。“on the british side”做后置定语,润饰stretcher-bearer,应译为前置定语,即,“英方的担架员”。

词汇:serve as sth.意为“(为……)作业,效能,实施责任,尽责任”;stretcher-bearer指“抬担架者”;on sb.’s side意为“站在或人一边,和或人观念共同”。

49.[精解] 本题查核常识点:后置定语、主语从句的翻译。

该句的骨干是he did not take the… line,介词短语of…做后置定语润饰宾语the line。因为定语太长,应采纳拆译法,另起一句。动名词pretending后接有that引导的宾语从句。该从句由两个并排的分句构成:both sides are… and it makes…,后一分句中it为方法主语,从句who wins为真实的主语,汉语中不存在这种语法方法,因而可以直接将从句内容译为主语。

词汇:line一词的意义较多,但在本句中的意义是“情绪,观点”;fruitless意为“没有作用的,无成效的,徒然的”;pretend意为“假装”,本句中它后边跟有从句,应增译为“假??rdquo;。

50.[精解] 本题查核常识点:刺进语、后置定语的翻译

该句的骨干是i must say,后边是that引导的宾语从句。宾语从句是一个主从复合句。主句是i have never heard an honest answer,其谓语和宾语之间刺进了一个状语成分,翻译时可放在句首或曰语之前,译为“从任何一个西方平缓主义者那里我从未传闻过”或“我从未从任何一个西方平缓主义者那里传闻过”。though引导转机状语从句,其间介词短语of…做后置定语,润饰宾语evasions,可译为前置定语,也可另起一句。

词汇:evasion意为“躲避,躲避;托言,遁词”,根据上下文可活译为“躲闪之词”、“躲避的说法”等。

全文翻译

甘地的平缓主义在某种程度上可以与他的其他教义区别开来。其动机是宗教性质的,但他也说这是一种显着的技巧,一种办法,它可以发生预期的政治作用。甘地的情绪不一样于大大都西方平缓主义者的情绪。satyagraha——这个由甘地提出并付诸实习的办法,最早来历于南非,是一种非暴力的斗争方法,用既不损伤对方又不会引发敌视的办法打败敌人。它包括比方公民对立、停工、卧轨、忍耐警方的指控既不出逃也不反击等等。甘地对立把“satyagraha”翻译为“低沉反抗”,在古吉拉特语中,这个词的意思如同是“真理的坚决性”。早年间,在布尔战争时刻甘地早年为英方抬过担架,而且在1914-1918年战争时刻他又预备这么做。即便在他完全扔掉暴力之后,他仍然很诚笃地知道到在战争中必需要有清楚的情绪。因为他的整个政治生计都在为民族独立而斗争,因而他不能,而且也的确没有采纳毫无意义的、不诚笃的情绪,假?翟谝磺姓秸胁握搅奖咄耆嗤蚨袢〕晒Χ嘉匏健K裁挥邢翊蟠蠖嘉鞣狡交褐饕逭呦嗤哦惚茉值囊晌省9赜谡秸恳桓銎交褐饕逭叨加星宄鹑稳ゴ鸶吹囊桓鲆晌适?“犹太人怎么办?你预备看到他们被灭绝吗?”我有必要说,我从未从任何一个西方平缓主义者那里听到过对该疑问的诚笃的答复,可是却听见了许多的躲闪之词,一般都是“你是另外一回事”之类的答复。甘地在1938年也被问到了类似的疑问。他的答复被录入在路易斯·费舍尔先生所著的《甘地和斯大林》一书中。据费舍尔先生记载,甘地认为德国犹太人大约选择集体自杀,“以引发世界和德国人对希特勒暴政的知道”。

上一页[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]9[10]下一页

Similar Posts

发表回复

您的电子邮箱地址不会被公开。 必填项已用 * 标注

|京ICP备2022015867号-3