section ii use of english directions: read the following text. choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark a, b, c or d on answer sheet 1. (10 points) comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. yet much had happened 21 . as was discussed before, it was not 22 the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic 23 , following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the 24 of the periodical. it was during the same time that the communications revolution 25 up, beginning with transport, the railway, and leading 26 through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures 27 the 20th-century world of the motor car and the airplane. not everyone sees that process in 28. it is important to do so. diffusion 传播 普及in the wake of 在……之后in the company of 与……一起（出现）periodical 期刊motion pictures 电影 it is generally recognized, 29, that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, 30 by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process, 31 its impact on the media was not immediately 32 . as time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became "personal" too, as well as 33 , with display becoming sharper and storage 34 increasing. they were thought of, like people, 35 generations, with the distance between generations much 36. it was within the computer age that the term "information society" began to be widely used to describe the 37 within which we now live. the communications revolution has 38 both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time, but there have been 39 views about its economic, political, social and cultural implications. "benefits" have been weighed 40 "harmful" outcomes.and generalizations have proved difficult. in terms of 根据；用…的话；就…而言；以…为单位 in perspective adv. 正确地，显示在脑海中，符合透视法地 21. [a] between [b] before [c] since [d] later 22. [a] after [b] by [c] during [d] until 23. [a] means [b] method [c] medium [d] measure 24. [a] process [b] company [c] light [d] form 25. [a] gathered [b] speeded [c] worked [d] picked 26. [a] on [b] out [c] over [d] off 27. [a] of [b] for [c] beyond [d] into 28. [a] concept [b] dimension [c] effect [d] perspective 29. [a] indeed [b] hence [c] however [d] therefore 30. [a] brought [b] followed [c] stimulated [d] characterized 31. [a] unless [b] since [c] lest（唯恐生怕） [d] although 32. [a] apparent [b] desirable [c] negative [d] plausible 33. [a] institutional [b] universal [c] fundamental [d] instrumental 34. [a] ability [b] capability [c] capacity [d] faculty 35. [a] by means of [b] in terms of [c] with regard to [d] in line with 36. [a] deeper [b] fewer [c] nearer [d] smaller 37. [a] context [b] range [c] scope [d] territory 38. [a] regarded [b] impressed [c] influenced [d] effected 39. [a] competitive [b] controversial [c] distracting [d] irrational 40. [a] above [b] upon [c] against [d] with between adv（当副词用）在中间pamphlet 小册子indeed 的确 事实上lead on through 引领……直到……weight against 权衡radically 完全地 激进地outcome 结果 成果in the light of 按照 根据 考虑到……plausible 论点等的 貌似有理的；花言巧语的text 1 if you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. if you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses. be in sympathy with 赞同show sympathy for 对……表示同情 here is an example, which i heard at a nurses’ convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. a man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by st. peter. he sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself. "who is that? " the new arrival asked st. peter. "oh, that’s god, " came the reply, "but sometimes he thinks he’s a doctor. " grab 抓住；引起别人的注意 if you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it’ll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman’s notorious bad taste in ties. with other audiences you mustn’t attempt to cut in with humor as（因为） they will resent an outsider making disparaging（诽谤的） remarks about their canteen or their chairman. you will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the post office or the telephone system. appropriate 适合的 恰当的passing inedible [?n??d?b?l] 不能吃的 不适合食用的 notorious 臭名昭著的 声名狼藉的disparaging 诽谤的 轻蔑的stick to遵守；保留；紧跟；忠于scapegoat 替罪羊 if you feel awkward being humorous（幽默的 滑稽的）, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. often it’s the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark. awkward [??:kw?rd] 尴尬的 不方便的 笨拙的light-hearted 漫不经心的 无忧无虑的off -the-cuff 即兴的off-the-shelt 现成的round-the-rock 不停昼夜的如果你觉得自己的幽默生硬别扭，你就需要练习使它显得更自然，用一些随便的似乎是信手拈来的语言来练习，要以轻松自然的方式来讲笑话，通常说话方式就会逗人发笑，所以你要慢慢的说，要记住，扬扬眉毛或者摆出不相信的神情会让人知道你在开玩笑。 look for the humor. it often comes from the unexpected. a twist on a familiar quote[kwo?t] "if at first you don’t succeed, give up" or a play on words or on a situation. search for exaggeration and understatements. look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor. twist：曲解 歪曲quote v 引文 引述 .n 引文；引语；语录understatement 不充分如实的陈述；轻描淡写的说明pick out 1 分辨出 2挑出来 3使显著turn about 反复思考（ look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about ）寻找幽默，通常是在出其不意的时候出现。将人们熟悉的话语反说，如“如果一开始就不成功，那就放弃”或者玩弄辞藻或者对场景打趣开玩笑。夸张或者重事轻说皆会产生幽默。注重自己的言语，挑出几个你能把握的词句，并注入一些幽默。41. to make your humor work, you should [a] take advantage of different kinds of audience. [b] make fun of the disorganized people. [c] address different problems to different people. [d] show sympathy for your listeners. 42. the joke about doctors implies that, in the eyes of nurses, they are [a] impolite to new arrivals. [b] very conscious of their godlike role. [c] entitled to some privileges. [d] very busy even during lunch hours. 43. it can be inferred from the text that public services [a] have benefited many people. [b] are the focus of public attention. [c] are an inappropriate subject for humor. [d] have often been the laughing stock. 44. to achieve the desired result, humorous stories should be delivered [a] in well-worded language. [b] as awkwardly as possible. [c] in exaggerated statements. [d] as casually as possible. 45. the best title for the text may be [a] use humor effectively. [b] various kinds of humor. [c] add humor to speech. [d] different humor strategies. text 2 since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty. that compulsion has resulted in robotics–the science of conferring various human capabilities on machines. and if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of science fiction, they have begun to come close. dawn 黎明 拂晓 开端devsie 设计发明 想出ingenuity 心灵手巧;善于创造发明（ingenious 灵巧的 有天才的 ）cunning adj 灵巧的 熟练的 狡猾的 adept adj 擅长……的，n.专家 ，能手confer 商谈;商议;交换意见 授予，赋予(权力、荣誉等)mechanical 机械的 as a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence[?pr?z?ns] we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor. remove vt 去除 开除 减少因此，当今世界越来越多的出现智能化机械，我们几乎不太注意他们的存在，但是它们的普遍存在已经减轻了不少人类劳动。our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms. our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the transaction. our subway trains are controlled by tireless robo-drivers. and thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics, there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy–far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone. 我们的工厂随着机器人组装臂的节奏嗡嗡作响automated teller 自动柜员机gizmo 小发明populate 居住于 生活于……hum 轰鸣声 v 发出轰轰声assembly n 集会 装配thank to 幸亏 由于miniaturization of electronics 电子技术的微型化 micro-mechanics微型机械技术 mechanics 机械学 技工 机械技术 but if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves–goals that pose a real challenge. "while we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error," says dave lavery, manager of a robotics program at nasa, "we can’t yet give a robot enough ‘common sense’ to reliably interact with a dynamic world. " utility 功用效用 【…public utilities such as gas, electricity and phones. 】煤气、电和电话等公用事业dynamic world 动态世界reliable 可靠的 靠得住的进行可靠的交流 我们仍然不能赋予机器人足够的常识去与动态的世界进行可靠的交流 indeed the quest for true artificial intelligence has produced very mixed results. despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year 2010, researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries. quest 追求 探索mixed result 翻译为喜忧参半的结果a spell of 一段时间 spell n. 一段时间 咒语 魅力initial 开始的 最初的 copy 复制 （模仿）transistor circuits 晶体管电路 microprocessor 微处理器 what they found, in attempting to model thought, is that the human brain’s roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented-and human perception far more complicated–than previously imagined. they have built robots that can recognize the error of a machine panel by a fraction of a millimeter in a controlled factory environment. but the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the m at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd. the most advanced computer systems on earth can’t approach that kind of ability, and neuroscientists still don’t know quite how we do it. 46. human ingenuity was initially demonstrated in [a] the use of machines to produce science fiction. [b] the wide use of machines in manufacturing industry. [c] the invention of tools for difficult and dangerous work. [d] the elite’s cunning tackling of dangerous and boring work. 47. the word "gizmos" (line 1, paragraph 2) most probably means [a] programs. [b] experts. [c] devices. [d] creatures. 48. according to the text, what is beyond man’s ability now is to design a robot that can [a] fulfill delicate tasks like performing brain surgery. [b] interact with human beings verbally. [c] have a little common sense. [d] respond independently to a changing world. 49. besides reducing human labor, robots can also [a] make a few decisions for themselves. [b] deal with some errors with human intervention. [c] improve factory environments. [d] cultivate human creativity. 50. the author uses the example of a m to argue that robots are [a] expected to copy human brain in internal structure. [b] able to perceive abnormalities immediately. [c] far less able than human brain in focusing on relevant information. [d] best used in a controlled environment. text 3 could the bad old days of economic decline be about to return? since opec agreed to supply-cuts in march, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $26 a barrel, up from less than $10 last december. this near-tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 oil shock, when prices quadrupled, and 1979-80, when they also almost tripled. both previous shocks resulted in double-digit inflation and global economic decline. so where are the headlines warning of gloom and doom this time? opec organization of petroleum export countries 石油输出国组织supply-cuts 削减 产量crude oil 原油barrel 桶 枪管 炮管scary adj 引起惊惶的 惊吓 【be scared of 害怕】 【 scare sb stiff 吓呆了】 【scare away/off 把……吓跑】 【she was scared out of wits 他被吓得不知所错】scareheadline；标题 头条新闻gloom 阴暗的 忧愁的doom n v 命运 厄运 命中注定 the oil price was given another push up this week when iraq suspended oil exports. strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in the short term. in the short time 在短时期内这个星期，伊拉克暂停石油出口，这使油价进一步上涨，加上北半球正面临冬季，使得石油价格近期内还会上升。（winter grips the northern hemisphere北半球面临冬季 grip是抓住的意思，这里法翻译的很巧妙，静静体会其中的意思） yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences now to be less severe than in the 1970s. in most countries the cost of crude oil now accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the 1970s. in europe, taxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail price, so even quite big changes in the price of crude have a more muted effect on pump prices than in the past. crude oil原油muted 柔和的pump 气泵 pump price （油品）零售价格（出泵价格） rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were, and so less sensitive to swings in the oil price. energy conservation, a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy, energy-intensive industries have reduced oil consumption. software, consultancy and mobile telephones use far less oil than steel or car production. for each dollar of gdp (in constant prices) rich economies now use nearly 50% less oil than in 1973. the oecd estimates in its latest economic outlook that, if oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year, compared with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25-0.5% of gdp.energy-intensive 能源密集型 能源消耗大的consultancy 咨询行业富裕的国家与之前相比对石油的依赖变小了，所以对于油价的波动并不敏感。能有保护，其他燃料的使用 以及降低能源密集型的重工业的重要性，都使石油消耗减少。软件、咨询以及that is less than one-quarter of the income loss in 1974 or 1980. on the other hand, oil-importing emerging economies–to which heavy industry has shifted-have become more energy-intensive, and so could be more seriously squeezed. 因此，更可能会受到石油危机的强烈影响（从字面意思来看seriously来表示一个受严重的程度，squeeze表示“压” “困住”石油压着你就说明你对石油具有很强的依赖性，受它影响）swing 摇摆 变动squeeze 挤压 压榨 one more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that, unlike the rises in the 1970s, it has not occurred against the background of general commodity-price inflation and global excess demand. a sizable portion of the world is only just emerging from economic decline. the economist’s commodity price index is broadly unchanging from a year ago. in 1973 commodity prices jumped by 70%, and in 1979 by almost 30%. one more（翻译为还有一个 另一个）【写作的好句子：one reason not to lose sleep over sth in ……is that ……一个让你对于某件事不会失眠的原因是……】commodity 商品 货物i51. the main reason for the latest rise of oil price is [a] global inflation. [b] reduction in supply. [c] fast growth in economy. [d] iraq’s suspension of exports. 52. it can be inferred from the text that the retail price of petrol will go up dramatically if [a] price of crude rises. [b] commodity prices rise. [c] consumption rises. [d] oil taxes rise. 53. the estimates in economic outlook show that in rich countries [a] heavy industry becomes more energy-intensive. [b] income loss mainly results from fluctuating crude oil prices. [c] manufacturing industry has been seriously squeezed. [d] oil price changes have no significant impact on gdp. 54. we can draw a conclusion from the text that [a] oil-price shocks are less shocking now. [b] inflation seems irrelevant to oil-price shocks. [c] energy conservation can keep down the oil prices. [d] the price rise of crude leads to the shrinking of heavy industry. 55. from the text we can see that the writer seems [a] optimistic. [b] sensitive. [c] gloomy. [d] scared.text 4 the supreme court’s decisions on physician-assisted suicide canrry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering. 决定对于什么来说具有重要的意义decision （法院的）裁决physician-assisted suicide 医生协助病人自杀implication 含义 意义；牵扯 relieve缓解（疼痛）解除seek to 设法 试图dying即将要死的人 奄奄一息的 垂死的 临终的最高法院关于医生协助病人自杀的裁决对于如何用药物减轻病危者的疼痛这一问题具有重要意义 although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the court in effect supported the medical principle of "double effect, "a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects–a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen–is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect. in effect 事实上 实际上foreseen 预见actor 行动者 参与者尽管裁决认为，宪法没有赋予医生 助病人自杀的权利，然而最高法院实际上却认可了医疗界的双效原则，这个存在了几个世纪的道德原则（holding）认为如果某种行为有双重效果（希望达到的好效果和可以预见的坏效果），那么只要行为实施是想达到好的效果，这个行为就是可以被实施的。 doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally ill patients’ pain, even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient. justify 证明……有理 为……辩护morphine 吗啡terminally ill patient 病危者eventually 最终dosage剂量 nancy dubler, director of montefiore medical center, contends that the principle will shield doctors who "until now have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient mediation to control their pain if that might hasten death." hasten 加快strongly insist 坚持认为坚持认为如果加大药物的剂量会加快病人的死亡，那么就不能这样做 george annas, chair of the health law department at boston university, maintains that, as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose, the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death. "it’s like surgery, "he says."we don’t call those deaths homicides because the doctors didn’t intend to kill their patients, although they risked their death. if you’re a physician,you can risk your patient’s suicide as long as you don’t intend their suicide." homicides 杀人george annas这个人坚持：只要医生出于合理的医疗目的的用药，即使服用此药会加速病人的死亡，医生的行为也没有违法。如果你是一名医生，只要你没想着让病人自杀，你就可以冒着病人可能自杀的风险去给他们看病。（省略的很厉害，根据意思自己适度的加点话语然后翻译） on another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modem medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying. on another level 另一方面fuel n 是燃料 v 刺激 使……加剧 火上浇油 事情的加剧 升温另一方面，许多医疗界人士承认，致使协助自杀这场争论升温的部分原因是由于病人的绝望情绪和，对病人来说，现代医学延长了临终前肉体的痛苦。 just three weeks before the court’s ruling on physician-assisted suicide, the national academy of science (nas) released a two-volume report, approaching death: improving care at the end of life. it identifies the undertreatment of pain and the aggressive use of "ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying" as the twin problems of end-of-life care. dishonor 侮辱 使丢脸ruling（rule）care 1.关心 2.护理 照顾forced medicine procedures 强制性的医疗措施在法院判决医生协助自杀的三周前，全国科学学会公布了一份两卷的报告《濒临死亡：完善临终护理》，该报告中指出。医院临终关怀并存着两个问题：对病人疼痛治疗不当，无效而强制性的医疗措施，这些措施可能会延长濒死期，甚至会让病人临死前苦不堪言。 the profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices, to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies, to develop a medicare billing code for hospital-based care, and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life. therapy 疗法 心里疗法aggressive 侵略的，侵犯的，攻势的；（美）有进取心的，积极行动的；有进取心的take steps 采取措置……hospice 临终安养院 ，（晚期病人的）安养院；收容所，救济院medicare 老年保健医疗制treat 处理；治疗；请客 款待；很出色的东西the profession 指的是专业这里就是指医学界 医疗行业医疗行业正在采取措置，让年轻的医生去晚期医院接受培训，对各种大胆的镇痛疗法方面的知识进行评估，为医院护理制定一份符合美国医疗保障方案的付款条例，以及为评估和治疗临终痛苦制定新的标准。 annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives translate into better care. "large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering, " to the extent that it constitutes "systematic patient abuse." he says medical licensing boards "must make it clear…that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompetently managed and should result in license suspension." 【痛苦的死亡指的是人痛苦的死亡 这里省略了patient】insist 坚持;坚决认为(或主张、要求)well-meaning好意的 initiative 主动性 倡议translate into 把……翻译成，这里就是变成……的意思needlessly 不必要地predictably 可预见地systematic 有系统的，有规则的；有条不紊的；有步骤的；一贯的，惯常的 constitute 构成……（犯罪）make it clear 明切表示不少医生对于病人所遭受的没有必要的，可预见性的痛苦无动于衷，乃至于构成“蓄意虐待病人”56. from the first three paragraphs, we learn that [a] doctors used to increase drug dosages to control their patients’pain. [b] it is still illegal for doctors to help the dying end their lives. [c] the supreme court strongly opposes physician-assisted suicide. [d] patients have no constitutional right to commit suicide. 57. which of the following statements is true according to the text? [a] doctors will be held guilty if they risk their patients’death. [b] modern medicine has assisted terminally ill patients in painless recovery. [c] the court ruled that high-dosage pain-relieving medication can be prescribed. [d] a doctor’s medication is no longer justified by his intentions. 58. according to the nas’s report, one of the problems in end-of-life care is [a] prolonged medical procedures. [b] inadequate treatment of pain. [c] systematic drug abuse. [d] insufficient hospital care. 59. which of the following best defines the word "aggressive" (line 4, paragraph 7)? [a] bold. （大胆的）[b] harmful. [c] careless. [d] desperate. 60. george annas would probably agree that doctors should be punished if they [a] manage their patients incompetently. [b] give patients more medicine than needed. [c] reduce dmg dosages for their patients. [d] prolong the needless suffering of the patients.translatealmost all our major problems involve human behavior, and they cannot be solved by physical and biological technology alone. what is needed is a technology of behavior, but we have been slow to develop the science from which such a technology might be drawn.involve 一个是包含另一个是涉及，在这是涉及的意思几乎所有重要重要的问题都涉及到人类行为alone adj. 单独的;独一无二的;独自的adv. 单独地;独自地;孤独地;只，只有在句中alone的词性是副词我们碰到的几乎所有重要问题都涉及到人类行为，而这些问题仅靠物理和生物技术手段是无法解决的，目前所需要的是一种研究人类行为的技术，而这类技术的研究进展很慢61) 【one difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on.】trace to 寻找……根源 （trace 根源 考察 探索）feelings 情感 感情面临的困难之一就是所谓的行为科学几乎都需要从心态 情感 性格特征 人性等方面寻找行为的根源。physics and biology once followed similar practices and advanced only when they discarded themdiscard 放弃 丢弃advanced 向前的 高级的 晚期的物理学和生物学的方法很相似。只消除他们，研究才能向前发展. 62) the behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find.】行为科学改变很慢的部分原因是用来解释行为依据似乎往往是直接观察得到，部分原因是其他的解释方式一直很难找到。the environment is obviously important, but its role has remained obscure. it does not push or pull, it selects, and this function is difficult to discover and analyze. obviously = very adv明显地环境具有很明显的重要性，但是其作用依然模糊不清，环境不具拉动或者推动的作用，但是它有选择的作用，而这一作用很难发现和很难对其进行分析。63) the role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and t
he selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied. formulate 构想出 ；明确表达;系统阐述role 作用 地位a little more than a hundred years 一百多年自然界的进化作用仅仅在一百多年前得以阐述，环境在塑造和维持个人行为时所起的的选择作用才刚刚开始被认知和研究as the interaction between organism and environment has come to be understood, however, effects once assigned to states of mind, feelings, and traits are beginning to be traced to accessible conditions, and a technology of behavior may therefore become available. it will not solve our problems, however, until it replaces traditional prescientific views, and these are strongly entrenched. freedom and dignity illustrate the difficulty.entrenched 根深蒂固的 entrench 使（权力、习俗、观念等）根深蒂固accessible condition 可利用的条件prescientific 科学以前的dignity 尊严随着人们开始逐渐了解有机体和环境之间的交互作用，以前曾被认为是影响因素的如心态、情感、以及特征等开始被从可利用的条件去寻求其来源。有可能成为一种研究行为的技术手段，但是只有这种技术手段取代了传统的、近代科学以前的观点时才能解决这些问题，而这些传统观念已根深蒂固。自由与尊严阐明了困难之所在。64) they are the possessions of the autonomous (self-governing) man of traditional theory, and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements. autonomous [?:?tɑ:n?m?s] 自治的give credit for赞扬 称赞；给予……应有的承认be the possessions of……他们是传统理论中的自主人所拥有的（在传统理论中，他们是自主人所拥有的）翻译的时候先翻译其定语：they are essential to practice 是practice重要所以后边的定语从句修饰的是practice，，个人须对自己的行为负责，并且应对其作出的贡献给予赞扬，在实践活动中，自由与尊严是重要的。a scientific analysis shifts both the responsibility and the achievement to the environment. it also raises questions concerning "values." who will use a technology and to what ends? 科学分析把责任和成就转移到了环境上来研究，这同样提出了关于价值观的问题，谁将利用这一手段，达到什么目的？65) until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems. 如果这些问题得不到解决，研究行为的技术手段就会继续遭到排斥，解决我们问题的唯一方法也可能随之收到排斥。with表示与前面的表示并列！前边的内容遭到reject后边的内容一样遭到reject。
